35 ICRAV 2026 NOTES JOINT SESSION 4 For example in human sports, longitudinal steroid profiling and gas chromatographycombustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry are used to unequivocally confirm doping abuse of testosterone. In equine sports, international thresholds for testosterone concentration are applied to urine and plasma analyses. However, due to the endogenous nature of testosterone, differentiating natural variations in testosterone levels and subtle forms of testosterone doping is not a trivial task and requires a more wholistic approach. This presentation describes the operation of the athlete biological passport system in place in human sports, outlines some examples and reflects on similar cases in equine sports where a “positive” test result may not actually be indicative of doping.
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